Heating systems of a private house

This publication will help you understand the intricacies of connecting boilers to the heating system and, as a result, confidently understand the basics of installing heating equipment. In a separate publication, recommendations for connecting to systems are shown and commented. solid fuel boilers FOCUS... Note that they do not replace the design of a heating system and, in fact, demonstrate general installation principles that are also applicable in home systems. Heating systems for a private house will help you determine the most affordable and suitable option.

Private houses, as a rule, are heated by solid fuel boilers, which are an alternative to stove heating. One of the disadvantages of this type of heating is the lack of regulation, which is solved with the help of a buffer tank, recommended and safety precautions. If you use a pellet boiler with program control, there is no need for a buffer tank, it is only needed if you need to organize hot water using a secondary heating boiler.

As is known industrial heating systems are distinguished by a large set of equipment aimed at stabilizing work. These systems are more susceptible to irregular failures due to their complexity, and therefore require a more thought-out approach to the level of safety and its continuous monitoring.

Our main task is to explain how autonomous heating systems are arranged that are not connected to external energy sources. We are talking about solid fuel and pellet boilers that can be configured for fully automatic operation and not be inferior to main gas in terms of the available level of comfort. As a result, we are talking about setting up heating systems using analog and digital control sensors. It is worth noting that connection diagrams of one category may have modifications.

Gravity system with and without forced circulation

A heating system in which the coolant moves along the heating circuits under the influence of gravity is the most popular solution among owners of private houses. Even when using a pump for forced circulation, it is possible to heat without additional equipment and electricity, the connection of which is required by some devices and the pump.

The main element of the system is the open-type expansion tank. Depending on the volume, a different pressure of the water column is provided, under the influence of which the movement of water masses and the mixing of a hot coolant with a cold one are observed.

We demonstrate the gravitational connection system using the example of the "Leningradka" heating system with lower connection of radiators. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with several solution options - with a boiler and an open-type tank, with the possibility of forced circulation using a pump connected through a bypass, and a compensation tank that can be installed indoors.

Heating systems with gravitational heating medium supply with minor modifications can be supplemented with a buffer tank. In this case, the accumulation of thermal energy in a separate tank and its gradual consumption during the day is achieved.

Rice. 1. Gravity system and layout methods

Rice. 2. Gravity system with the possibility of forced circulation

Rice. 3. Heating system with thermal buffer for DHW, high and low temperature heating

Rice. 4. Heating system with an indirect heating boiler for DHW

Climate control in gravity systems with a pump

Gravitational systems with the possibility of forced circulation can be controlled. This is done using radiator control valves. Their design is similar to pre-regulated valves, but with a different focus. The best option is still to install valves with thermostats. With their help, you can more accurately set the temperature of the battery. Such schemes of heating systems involve the use of modern batteries. Thermostats are rarely installed on cast iron radiators.

When installing the heating system, it is necessary to provide for a backup about such a bypass of the coolant when the valve in the circuit is completely closed. At the same time, in small rooms with the same heat loss and the correct calculation of the heating power, it is possible to regulate the temperature in the circuit on the distribution manifold. Moreover, this can be done using a control system connected to a mobile application.

The implementation of controlled heating systems can be solved in different ways:

• using radiator valves with and without a thermostat;
• on the dispensing circuit with and without a temperature sensor;
• using a control system that works simultaneously with room thermostats, control panels and a pump and boiler control system.

Rice. 5. Regulation of the temperature of the heating circuit on the distribution manifold

Rice. 6. Temperature control of radiators using thermistors

Single-circuit and multi-circuit heating systems

Heating systems for a private house can be implemented using one and multiple heating circuits. Modern systems in most cases are implemented using multi-circuit thermal circuits. They have several advantages:

• the longer the circuit, the higher the speed of the circulation pump is required, which inevitably affects the cost of installation;
• the hydraulic characteristics of small heating circuits are easier to regulate and repair without disconnecting the entire system from the heat supply;
• in long heating circuits without a preliminary design, it is quite difficult to select the parameters of the balancing valves in order to ensure the same heating of the coolant on all heating devices.

Rice. 7. Single-circuit forced circulation heating system (one-pipe and two-pipe)

Rice. 8. An example of a thermal diagram of a heating system of a private house with underfloor heating, a radiator circuit and hot water supply

Multi-circuit implementation requires a rather complex installation, the use of manifold wiring, the installation of shut-off and control valves. Regulated and unregulated pumping groups are installed for each circuit. Such schemes of heating systems for a private house are quite expensive due to expensive fittings, but they are reliable and easy to repair.

Diagrams for connecting boilers to the system

Uninterrupted and profitable heating is only possible with the installation of a reserve boiler. Usually, in systems, a furnace boiler group with a water circuit is supplemented with a heat buffer or an electrode electric boiler. Electric heating is switched on when the temperature of the coolant and the room drops between the furnaces or in their absence. This ensures savings and back-up heating in any operating mode.

Rice. 9. Single-circuit system with main and reserve boiler

Rice. 10. Cascade connection of boilers

Rice. 11. Series connection of boilers

Rice. 12. Parallel connection of boilers

Modern schemes of heating systems: hydraulic arrow and manifold installation

What is a hydrostatic arrow, as well as its functions, we described in detail in the publication about the cascade connection of boilers... It should be noted that all modern heating systems with more than one boiler and heating circuit are implemented using collectors connected to a hydraulic arrow. These are essential elements of the system, ensuring stable hydraulic characteristics and long-term heating operation. Heating systems of a private house with "warm" floors and radiators also imply such an organization.

Rice. 13. Connection of heating circuits through a manifold in a heating system with a hydraulic arrow

Autonomous heating systems based on solid fuel boilers and pellet burners FOCUS

Our company offers solid fuel boilers FOCUS, designed for heating with all types of solid fuels, but the use of a fuel pellet is economically justified. In this case, the boiler generator is a two-in-one heating module that implements the main and backup heating with support for automatic system settings. Besides boilers FOCUS are designed to work with high-ash pellets, as well as granules with unstable quality.

On the basis of solid fuel boilers and pellet burners FOCUS, multi-circuit heating systems with climate control are usually deployed. House heating systems may include heating of outbuildings, swimming pools, terraces. All this leads to a complication of the collector wiring.

Order a boiler room project with climate control

How to connect a pellet boiler to the heating system