Expansion tank (definition)

Expansion tank is a device designed to compensate for changes in the volume of coolant (most often water) in heating, water supply and air conditioning systems when its temperature changes. The main function of the expansion tank is to absorb the pressure that occurs in the system when heating water, which helps prevent damage to pipelines and equipment.

Main components and operating principle of the expansion tank:

1. Capacity - usually made of metal or plastic and is a closed container that can withstand internal pressure.
2. Membrane or septum — divides the container into two parts: the medium (water or other coolant) and the gas (most often nitrogen), thus creating a sealed chamber to compensate for volumetric changes.
3. Valves and sensors — used to control and maintain optimal pressure in the system. Valves provide the ability to relieve excess pressure, and sensors can alert you to the need for additional maintenance or repairs.

Expansion tank functions:

• Pressure compensation — when the coolant heats up, its volume increases, which causes an increase in pressure in the system. The expansion tank absorbs this pressure increase, protecting the system from damage.
• Maintaining stability — ensures uniform pressure in the system, which contributes to more efficient and safe operation of the equipment.
• Increased system life — protects pipelines, boilers and other equipment from excessive loads and deformations, increasing their service life.

To compensate for the pressure, expansion tanks are installed above the room with the heating system; in this case, you need to make sure that the pressure created by the water column corresponds to the calculated pressure.

Application of expansion tanks:

Expansion tanks are used in various systems where pressure and volume control of the coolant is important, such as central heating systems, building water supply, air conditioning systems, as well as in industrial processes. They play a key role in ensuring reliable and efficient operation of heating and water supply systems, reducing the risk of emergency situations and improving the quality of service to users.

An expansion tank is typical for gravity heating systems, but is sometimes used in heating systems for distribution at the heating system level instead of combs. When insulated, it will perform tasks heat accumulator, which is important for systems with traditional solid fuel boilers for accumulation thermal energy and its gradual consumption. If there is in the tank heat exchangers, the tank will perform the functions of a secondary heating boiler. In systems with pellet boiler, use of buffer capacity or