Gravity heating system (definition)

Gravity heating system — is a type of heating system in which the circulation of the coolant is carried out due to the natural movement of water as a result of its change in density during heating and cooling, without the use of pumps or other mechanical devices.

Gravity heating system: main aspects:

1. Principle of operation:
   • Circulation: In a gravity heating system, hot water heated by a boiler or other heat source has a lower density and rises up through the pipes. As it cools and condenses, the coolant becomes denser and falls back to the lower parts of the system, creating a natural movement of liquid.
   • Gravitational effect: Circulation is based on gravitational forces that act on the difference in density of hot and cold water.
2. Design:
   • Pipelines: Pipelines must be installed with a certain slope to ensure proper movement of the coolant. Vertical and horizontal pipelines are usually used to ensure efficient heat distribution.
   • Boiler: The boiler or other heat source is located below the level of the radiators to ensure the natural flow of the coolant.
3. Advantages:
   • Independence from pumps: There is no need for electric pumps to circulate the coolant, which reduces operating costs and the risk of breakdowns.
   • Reliability: Less prone to failures and technical problems, as it does not require complex equipment.
   • Easy to install: Installation of such a system is simpler and cheaper, since it does not require additional components for circulation.
4. Flaws:
   • Limited effectiveness: Less efficient than forced air systems, especially in large and multi-room buildings.
   • Installation restrictions: The system requires precise design and proper piping slopes to ensure efficient operation.
   • Slow response: Slower heating rate and possible problems with maintaining a uniform temperature in the system.
5. Application:
   • Small buildings: Suitable for small private houses or cottages where there is no need for a complex heating system.
   • Historical buildings: Often used in historic buildings or old heating systems where installation of modern pumps is not envisaged.

Installation features:

• Pipe slope: To ensure gravity flow of the coolant through the pipes, it is necessary to maintain the correct slope of the pipelines. The gravity heating system is also gravitational and open heating system.
• Boiler location: The boiler should be installed at the bottom of the system to take advantage of the gravity effect.
• Design of radiators: Radiators should be positioned to ensure uniform heat distribution throughout the room.

A gravity-fed heating system is a traditional solution that works effectively under certain conditions and with specific design and operating requirements.