Forced circulation (definition)

Forced circulation - this is the process of moving coolant (liquid or gas) in a heating, cooling or water supply system using circulation pumps. Unlike gravity circulation, where the movement of the coolant occurs naturally due to the difference in density of the hot and cold substance, forced circulation requires the active intervention of the pump to create pressure and ensure a constant flow of coolant through the system.

Forced circulation: main characteristics:

1. Principle of operation:
   • Circulation pumps: The main element of the forced circulation system, which creates pressure and ensures the movement of the coolant through the pipelines. Pumps can have different power and design, depending on the system requirements.
2. Advantages:
   • Efficiency: Provides even heat distribution throughout the system, improving overall system efficiency and performance.
   • Control: Allows more precise control of temperature and heat distribution thanks to the ability to adjust the pump speed.
   • Versatility: Suitable for systems of any complexity, including multi-circuit and multi-storey buildings.
3. Equipment:
   • Circulation pumps: They vary in power and design, including models with variable or constant output.
   • Regulators and sensors: Used to control temperature and circulation speed, which allows to optimize the operation of the system.
4. Installation and setup:
   • Pipeline network: Circulation is carried out through a system of pipelines, which must be properly designed and installed to ensure efficient movement of the coolant.
   • Pump setup: It is important to properly set up the pump and system to ensure optimum performance and efficiency.
5. Application:
   • Heating: In central heating systems, forced circulation allows heat to be efficiently distributed from the boiler to radiators or convectors.
   • Cooling: In air conditioning systems, forced circulation helps to evenly distribute cold air or liquid throughout the room.
   • Hot water supply: Ensures constant movement of hot water from the heating device to the water draw-off points.

Example of use:

In a forced circulation heating system, the circulation pump pumps hot water from the boiler through a system of pipes and radiators, ensuring an even distribution of heat throughout all rooms. This helps maintain a comfortable temperature and improves the overall efficiency of the heating system.