Pyrolysis boiler (definition)

Pyrolysis boiler is a variety solid fuel boiler, which uses the pyrolysis process to improve fuel combustion efficiency. Pyrolysis boiler It is designed for heating rooms and heating water using wood, coal, peat or briquettes as fuel.

Pyrolysis boiler: the basis of the technology

The operation of a pyrolysis boiler is based on pyrolysis technology, i.e. combustion of fuel under certain conditions. Pyrolysis boilers are long-burning equipment, so they are suitable for autonomous heating with small investments in equipment.

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of organic materials in the absence of oxygen, resulting in the formation of flammable gases and a solid residue (charcoal). In a pyrolysis boiler, this process occurs in two stages:

1. Pyrolysis decomposition: The fuel is heated in the primary chamber at high temperature (about 200-800 °C) and lack of oxygen, which causes its decomposition into pyrolysis gases and coal.
2. Afterburning of pyrolysis gases: The generated gases are transferred to the secondary chamber, where they are mixed with the supplied air and burned at high temperatures, providing maximum heat transfer.

The main components of a pyrolysis boiler include:

• Primary chamber — the zone where fuel pyrolysis occurs.
• Secondary chamber — a zone where the afterburning of pyrolysis gases occurs.
• Heat exchanger - a device that transfers heat from burnt gases to the coolant.
• Air supply system — regulates the amount of air supplied to both chambers, which allows you to control the combustion process.

Advantages of pyrolysis boilers:

• High efficiency - more complete combustion of fuel and, therefore, higher efficiency (up to 85-90%).
• Environmental friendliness — reduction of emissions of harmful substances due to complete combustion of gases.
• Economical - reduced fuel consumption compared to traditional solid fuel boilers.

Pyrolysis boilers require quality dry fuel and regular maintenance to maintain optimal operation. They are usually controlled by a microcontroller for solid fuel boilers, which allows them to maintain safe operating ranges on a continuous basis.