Fire-tube steam boilers are a type of boiler in which the hot gases produced by burning fuel pass through tubes that are bathed in water, which is then converted into steam. These boilers are widely used to generate steam in industrial plants and thermal power plants. Fire-tube steam boilers: definition Operating principle: hot gases from the furnace pass through tubes (fire tubes) that […]

Cast iron sectional boilers are boilers whose design consists of individual sections made of cast iron. These sections are connected to each other to create a heat exchanger through which the coolant (water or other heat-conducting material) circulates. Cast iron sectional boilers: features Durability: cast iron has a high resistance to corrosion and temperature changes, which ensures a long service life of the boiler. Heat capacity: cast iron boilers […]

Propylene glycol based heat transfer fluid is a liquid used in heating and cooling systems to transfer thermal energy, the main component of which is propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is an organic compound with good anti-corrosion and anti-freeze properties, making it ideal for use in heating systems, especially in cases where there is a risk of freezing of the system at low temperatures. Heat transfer fluid based on […]

Multi-fuel boilers are boilers that can operate on multiple fuels, such as coal, wood, pellets, natural gas, diesel, and more. They are designed to give users the flexibility to choose their energy source based on fuel availability and cost. Multi-fuel boilers: features Combination fireboxes: Boilers may have multiple fireboxes or combustion chambers, […]

The capacity of a heating system is the amount of heat energy that the heating system is capable of generating and transmitting to a room per unit of time. Capacity is measured in kilowatts (kW) and indicates the system’s ability to maintain a comfortable temperature in a building, compensating for heat loss through walls, windows, and other enclosing structures. The main factors affecting the capacity of a heating system are: Room area: The larger […]

Thermal comfort is a state of satisfaction with the ambient temperature, when the person feels neither too hot nor too cold. It is a subjective sensation that depends on many factors, including air temperature, humidity, air velocity, radiant heat from surrounding surfaces, and the person’s clothing and activity. Thermal comfort: key factors Air temperature: The ideal temperature for thermal comfort is usually […]

Thermal radiation power is the amount of thermal energy emitted by the surface of a body in the form of electromagnetic waves per unit of time. Thermal radiation occurs from all objects with a temperature above absolute zero and depends on the temperature of the object, its surface, and its emissivity. Thermal radiation power: characteristics Units of measurement: Measured in watts (W). Dependence on temperature: The higher the temperature […]

Surface losses of heating systems are heat losses that occur through the external surfaces of heating system elements such as pipes, radiators, boilers and other components. These losses occur when heat is transferred from the heating system to the surrounding environment. Surface losses: main characteristics Sources of losses: Heat loss through uninsulated pipes, radiators, heat exchangers and other surfaces of the heating system. The mechanism […]

A peak load boiler is a boiler designed to operate during periods of maximum heating system load, when the main heat source cannot cope with the increased demand. Such a boiler is switched on for short-term operation, providing additional power to maintain the required temperature in the heating system. Peak load boiler: main characteristics Additional heat source: Used to cover the peak demand […]

Seasonal heating is a heating system that is used only during certain seasons of the year, usually during the cold season, when the ambient temperature drops below a comfortable level. The main purpose of seasonal heating is to maintain a comfortable temperature inside the premises during the autumn-winter period. Main features: Frequency: The heating system is started and operates during the cold season (autumn, winter, early spring) […]