Pyrolysis (definition)

Pyrolysis in the context of pyrolysis boilers, it is a process of thermochemical decomposition of organic matter at high temperatures and low oxygen levels, resulting in the formation of combustible gases, liquid products and solid residues. pyrolysis boilers This process is used to burn solid fuels such as wood, coal or pellets more efficiently and cleanly.

Pyrolysis: Basic Aspects

• Process:
  • Decomposition: In pyrolysis boilers, the fuel is subjected to high-temperature decomposition (usually from 300 to 800°C) with limited oxygen access. This decomposition occurs in two stages: first, volatile substances and combustible gases are formed, then the remains are converted into carbon residue.
  • Phases: The process is divided into two phases:
    • The first phase is pyrolysis, where volatile substances and gaseous products are formed.
    • The second phase is the combustion of pyrolysis gases in the combustion chamber, which allows the released energy to be used efficiently.
• Efficiency and benefits:
  • Energy efficiency: Pyrolysis boilers provide high combustion efficiency, since the combustible gases formed during the combustion process are burned completely, which allows extracting the maximum amount of energy from the fuel.
  • Combustion cleanliness: The pyrolysis process reduces the amount of particulate matter and gases that can be produced by conventional combustion, reducing pollutant emissions and improving environmental performance.
• Components of a pyrolysis boiler:
  • Pyrolysis chamber: A special chamber where fuel decomposition occurs when there is a lack of oxygen.
  • Combustion chamber: After the fuel is burned, the gases and vapors enter the combustion chamber where they are burned to produce heat.
  • Feed and control system: Includes a fuel supply system, automatic temperature controllers and other elements that ensure efficient operation of the boiler.
• Application:
  • Heating: Pyrolysis boilers are used for heating homes and industrial facilities, providing high efficiency and reducing fuel costs.
  • Energy production: Pyrolysis boilers can also be used to generate electricity in some industrial installations.

The pyrolysis process in pyrolysis boilers allows for more efficient and environmentally friendly use of solid fuels, minimizing harmful emissions and increasing overall heating efficiency.