Coolant circulation (definition)

Coolant circulation — is the process of moving a heat carrier (liquid or gas) in a heating, cooling or hot water supply system to transfer and distribute thermal energy. Circulation ensures efficient use of heat, maintains uniform temperature and promotes optimal system operation.

Coolant circulation: main features

1. Types of circulation:
   • Forced circulation: Based on the use of circulation pumps that create pressure and move the coolant through the system. This type of circulation ensures stable and controlled movement of the coolant.
   • Gravitational circulation: Based on the natural movement of the coolant due to the difference in density of the hot and cold substance.
2. Circulation functions:
   • Heat transfer: Ensures heat transfer from the source (e.g. boiler) to consumers (radiators, convectors, heat exchangers).
   • Uniform distribution: Ensures that the coolant is evenly distributed throughout the system, maintaining a stable temperature in all areas.
   • Maintaining temperature: Helps maintain the required temperature in the system, preventing overheating or overcooling.
3. Circulation equipment:
   • Circulation pumps: The main element of forced circulation, which ensures the movement of the coolant through the system pipelines.
   • Regulators and sensors: Devices for monitoring and regulating the speed and temperature of circulation, which allows optimizing the operation of the system.
4. Installation and setup:
   • Pipeline network: Circulation is carried out through a system of pipelines, which must be properly designed and installed to ensure efficient movement of the coolant.
   • Balancing the system: Necessary to ensure uniform distribution of flow and temperature throughout all circuits of the system.
5. Advantages:
   • Efficiency: Provides more efficient use of thermal energy and improves system performance.
   • Comfort: Ensures uniform heat distribution, which contributes to comfort and convenience in the premises.
   • Energy Saving: Helps reduce energy costs by distributing heat more efficiently and preventing overheating.

Example of use:

IN heating system with forced circulation, the circulation pump pumps hot water from the boiler to the radiators. The coolant, passing through the radiators, gives off heat in the room, and then returns to the boiler for reheating, ensuring uniform heat distribution and maintaining a comfortable temperature in the house. Circulation of the coolant is an important characteristic of an efficient heating system.