Valves in heating systems (definition)

Valves in heating systems — are devices designed to regulate, control and ensure the safety of the heating system. They perform the functions of opening, closing, directing and regulating the flow coolantWith the development of technology, many valves have acquired the ability to be controlled automatically, which increases the efficiency and ease of operation of heating systems.

Valves in heating systems and their types used in heating automation:

1. Ball valves (cock assemblies):
   • Description: Used to fully open or close the flow of coolant. They have a simple mechanism with a ball inside that rotates to close or pass the liquid.
   • Automation: Usually manual, but may be equipped with electric actuators for remote control, especially in large or complex systems.
2. Thermostatic radiator valves (TRV):
   • Description: Designed for automatic regulation of the room temperature by changing the flow of coolant through the radiator based on the set temperature.
   • Automation: They have a thermostatic head that responds to changes in room temperature, automatically adjusting the valve opening. There are electronic versions with programmable settings and the ability to remotely control via smart home systems.
3. Balancing valves:
   • Description: Balancing valves in heating systems ensure uniform distribution of the coolant across various circuits of the heating system, preventing overheating or underheating of individual sections.
   • Automation:
     • Static balancing valves in heating systems: They are adjusted manually during installation and do not change their position.
     • Dynamic (automatic) balancing valves in heating systems: Automatically maintain a set flow rate or differential pressure, adapting to changes in the system without the need for manual adjustment.
4. Safety (bypass) valves:
   • Description: Prevents excess pressure in the system by automatically releasing excess coolant when the set pressure is exceeded.
   • Automation: They operate automatically, responding to pressure changes without user intervention.
5. Check valves:
   • Description: Prevents backflow of coolant, ensuring fluid movement in only one direction.
   • Automation: They operate automatically, using the force of the flow to open or close.
6. Three-way and four-way mixing valves:
   • Description: Used to mix or separate coolant flows, ensuring that the required supply temperature is achieved.
   • Automation: Can be equipped with servo drives and controlled by controllers that regulate the degree of valve opening depending on the system requirements (for example, maintaining a certain supply temperature depending on the outside temperature).
7. Electromagnetic (solenoid) valves:
   • Description: Used to quickly open or close the flow of coolant when an electrical signal is applied or disconnected.
   • Automation: Controlled by an electrical signal, often integrated into automation systems for remote or programmable control.
8. Air vents (automatic air bleed valves):
   • Description: Designed to remove accumulated air from the heating system, preventing the formation of air locks.
   • Automation: They work automatically, releasing air when it accumulates.
9. Differential pressure regulators:
   • Description: Provide a stable pressure drop in certain sections of the system, which is especially important in systems with variable capacity.
   • Automation: Automatically respond to pressure changes, maintaining it at a given level.

Advantages of automation of valves in heating systems:

• Energy efficiency: Automatic valves ensure optimal distribution and use of the coolant, which reduces heating costs.
• Comfort: Accurate and timely adjustments maintain a comfortable temperature in the rooms.
• Safety: Automatic safety devices prevent emergency situations due to excess pressure or other malfunctions.
• Remote control: The ability to integrate with smart home systems allows you to control and adjust the operation of the heating system remotely.
• Reduced need for manual intervention: Automation reduces the number of manual settings and interventions, making the system easier to operate.

In conclusion, the selection and installation of appropriate valves, taking into account the automation capabilities, are key to the efficient, safe and convenient operation of the heating system.