{"id":8330,"date":"2024-02-24T22:57:43","date_gmt":"2024-02-24T20:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=8330"},"modified":"2024-02-24T22:57:43","modified_gmt":"2024-02-24T20:57:43","slug":"centralnoe-otoplenie-v-evrope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/centralnoe-otoplenie-v-evrope\/","title":{"rendered":"Incalzire centrala in Europa"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cenc\u0103lzirea central\u0103 \u00een Europa: cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103<\/span><\/h1>\n

Trebuie spus c\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzirea central\u0103 \u00een Europa este foarte diferit\u0103 de cea ucrainean\u0103, este absent\u0103. Dar exist\u0103 utilit\u0103\u021bi principale care sunt destul de scumpe. Aproximativ 60% de energie consumat\u0103 \u00een sectorul reziden\u021bial este pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzire. Cu toate acestea, consumul \u0219i tipurile de \u00eenc\u0103lzire difer\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i de intervalul de temperatur\u0103 de iarn\u0103.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Aproximativ 40% din popula\u021bia european\u0103 folose\u0219te gaz pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzire, 30% electricitate, materii prime regenerabile alternative sunt folosite de consumatorii 20%, produsele petroliere precum motorina sunt folosite \u00een zonele greu accesibile de c\u0103tre utilizatorii 10%. Gazul este popular \u00een Germania, de\u0219i statele din est folosesc \u00een principal \u00eenc\u0103lzirea sobei. \u00cen Finlanda predomin\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzirea electric\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103lzirea \u00een Europa este implementat\u0103 individual \u0219i \u00een grup (de la cazane mici) din cauza lipsei de resurse energetice. Unele \u021b\u0103ri au \u00eenceput s\u0103 investeasc\u0103 \u00een termoficare \u00een Europa.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Directive care reglementeaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lzirea individual\u0103 \u0219i central\u0103 \u00een Europa<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pentru a reduce costul \u00eenc\u0103lzirii cl\u0103dirilor, UE a introdus cerin\u021be pentru pasivizarea cl\u0103dirilor. Este necesar s\u0103 respecte standardele de eficien\u021b\u0103 energetic\u0103, iar conceptul de case pasive cu consum zero de energie este, de asemenea, popular. \u00cen aceste scopuri, sunt utilizate directivele EPBD, NZEB, EPC.<\/span><\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 \u0219i Directiva RED pentru Energie Regenerabil\u0103. Este folosit pentru standardizarea acelora\u0219i materii prime de pele\u021bi, necesit\u00e2nd producerea de granule cu con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de cenu\u0219\u0103. Cu toate acestea, unele dintre materiile prime pentru pele\u021bi sunt eliminate, adic\u0103 costurile \u0219i resursele pentru acest tip de \u00eenc\u0103lzire sunt reduse. Cazanele pe pele\u021bi FOCUS pot func\u021biona cu pele\u021bi cu con\u021binut ridicat de cenu\u0219\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a cre\u0219te emisiile \u00een atmosfer\u0103. Din co\u0219ul t\u0103u va ie\u0219i fum alb \u0219i rece. Exist\u0103, de asemenea, o directiv\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103lzire \u0219i r\u0103cire care reglementeaz\u0103 produc\u021bia de echipamente.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aceste directive vizeaz\u0103 un obiectiv comun: reducerea emisiilor de gaze cu efect de ser\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219terea nivelului de aprovizionare cu energie pentru popula\u021bie, precum \u0219i reducerea costului energiei electrice, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea mai s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 \u0219i mai confortabil\u0103. Tehnologiile \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bite de \u00eenc\u0103lzire contribuie, de asemenea, la a\u0219ezarea uniform\u0103 a zonelor nordice \u0219i slab populate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Unele \u021b\u0103ri investesc \u00een re\u021bele de termoficare pentru a reduce emisiile de la cazanele individuale sau casnice. Dar, a\u0219a cum era de a\u0219teptat, \u00eenc\u0103lzirea central\u0103 \u00een Europa nu va fi ieftin\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Casa cazane si centrala termica<\/span><\/h2>\n

Este necesar s\u0103 distingem dup\u0103 caracter cazane casei<\/strong><\/a>, incalzirea apartamentelor la domiciliu, si a retelelor de incalzire centrala din centrale termice. \u00cen Europa, furnizarea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 este mai axat\u0103 pe consumul de gaz \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lzirea individual\u0103. \u00cenc\u0103lzirea central\u0103 nu este dezvoltat\u0103 \u00een toate \u021b\u0103rile, costul este destul de mare, din acest motiv este mai bine s\u0103 alege\u021bi o cas\u0103 care este \u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103 de o central\u0103 pe pele\u021bi. Cost\u0103 mai pu\u021bin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Folosind ca exemplu cazanele noastre FOCUS, o astfel de central\u0103 poate fi instalat\u0103 cu o putere total\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 2,5 MW, echipamentul va fi conectat \u00een cascad\u0103, iar c\u0103ldura va fi furnizat\u0103 la ascensoarele consumatorilor. Mai mult, acest tip de \u00eenc\u0103lzire suport\u0103 controlul climatiz\u0103rii. Datorit\u0103 combustibilului, economiile ajung la 50-70% comparativ cu gazul. Implementarea suplimentar\u0103 a climatiz\u0103rii va face posibil\u0103 furnizarea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 la cerere \u00eentr-un mod automat, f\u0103r\u0103 limitarea consumatorilor, \u00een timp ce se va realiza economii datorit\u0103 lipsei consumului de cantit\u0103\u021bi mari de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00een perioadele de absen\u021b\u0103 a reziden\u021bilor.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Cazan\u0103<\/a>
Cazan\u0103 comun\u0103 cu climatizare cu regulatoare de vreme de apartament<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Climatizare<\/a>
Climatizare cu un singur regulator de vreme pentru cazane pe pele\u021bi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Cazan\u0103<\/a>
Cazan\u0103 \u00een cascad\u0103 cu climatizare pentru apartamente cu un singur controler de vreme \u0219i panouri tactile apartament cu apartament. Diagram\u0103 schematic\u0103<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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