{"id":2988,"date":"2021-02-04T18:52:37","date_gmt":"2021-02-04T16:52:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=2988"},"modified":"2021-02-04T18:52:37","modified_gmt":"2021-02-04T16:52:37","slug":"ispolzovat-li-bufernuyu-emkost-s-pelletnym-kotlom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/ispolzovat-li-bufernuyu-emkost-s-pelletnym-kotlom\/","title":{"rendered":"Ar trebui folosit un rezervor tampon cu un cazan pe pele\u021bi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u0103 folosi\u021bi sau nu rezervorul tampon cu cazanul pentru pelete?<\/h1>\n

Ast\u0103zi vom analiza \u00eentrebarea tehnic\u0103, ar trebui s\u0103 folosesc un rezervor tampon cu un cazan pe pele\u021bi? \u00cen general, instalarea unui cazan cu combustibil solid f\u0103r\u0103 un program controlat arzator pe peleti<\/a> \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 rezervor tampon, este extrem de periculos \u0219i nu este viabil din punct de vedere economic, deoarece \u00een modul de ardere mocnit eficien\u021ba unui hard top scade rapid, \u00een special pentru cazanele cu post-ardere a produselor de ardere, care \u00een teorie ar trebui s\u0103 fie mai eficiente dec\u00e2t cele conven\u021bionale.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Cazan pe pele\u021bi<\/a> controlat de un microcontroler, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t utilizarea unei capacit\u0103\u021bi tampon este nepractic\u0103 din punct de vedere tehnic. Dar de ce? \u0218i de ce un cazan automat este adesea mai ieftin dec\u00e2t un cazan manual bine f\u0103cut?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

C\u00e2teva cuvinte despre cazanele pe combustibil solid<\/h2>\n

Dup\u0103 cum am scris mai devreme - totul cazane pe combustibil solid<\/a> (cazanele TT) pentru a ob\u021bine o eficien\u021b\u0103 maxim\u0103 func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un interval restr\u00e2ns de temperaturi \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bi. L\u0103\u021bimea intervalului pentru diferite tipuri de cazane TT variaz\u0103, dar, totu\u0219i, principalul dezavantaj este zona \u00eengust\u0103 de func\u021bionare stabil\u0103. Aceast\u0103 problem\u0103 este aproape invincibil\u0103 \u0219i este principala problem\u0103 a \u00eenc\u0103lzirii cu combustibil solid.<\/p>\n

A doua \u0219i esen\u021bial\u0103 problem\u0103 care decurge din prima este securitatea. Stivuirea combustibilului \u00een diferite tipuri de ardere (superioar\u0103, inferioar\u0103, pe termen lung, piroliz\u0103 \u0219i altele asemenea) are un dezavantaj comun - combustibilul nu poate fi stins rapid. Zid\u0103ria se \u00eenc\u0103lze\u0219te, se elibereaz\u0103 gaz de piroliz\u0103 (gaz de descompunere termic\u0103), care arde pentru a genera c\u0103ldur\u0103. Pentru unele cazane cu combustibil solid, gazul arde, pentru unele arde, ceea ce nu afecteaz\u0103 semnificativ controlabilitatea procesului.<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul unei pene de curent sau dac\u0103 sistemul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire nu poate extrage toat\u0103 c\u0103ldura degajat\u0103 din umplerea cu combustibil, temperatura cazanului \u00eencepe inevitabil s\u0103 creasc\u0103. Op\u021biunile pentru rezolvarea acestei situa\u021bii sunt variate, dar toate se rezum\u0103 la o idee simpl\u0103 - aceasta este pierderea de c\u0103ldur\u0103. \u0218i, ca modalitate cea mai rentabil\u0103, cea mai optim\u0103 modalitate este de a arunca c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00een baterie sau rezervor tampon (\u00een func\u021bie de sarcini). Volumul acestui recipient este un fel de - o garan\u021bie a siguran\u021bei, \u0219i nu eficien\u021bei, care v\u0103 permite s\u0103 reseta\u021bi temperatura \u00een exces.<\/p>\n

Dar obiec\u021biile?<\/h2>\n

\u00cenchiderea suflantei<\/h3>\n

Chiar \u0219i aerul complet \u00eenchis insuflat \u00een cazan nu stinge combustibilul \u0219i c\u0103ldur\u0103 continu\u0103 s\u0103 fie eliberat\u0103. Dac\u0103 \u00een cazanele \u0219i cuptoarele de uz casnic acest proces are un efect distructiv controlat, atunci \u00een versiunile industriale \u0219i semi-industriale totul este mult mai complicat.<\/p>\n

Tocmai datorit\u0103 componentei de siguran\u021b\u0103 \u0219i economice \u00een eliminarea excesului de c\u0103ldur\u0103 s-au r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit rezervoarele tampon \u0219i de stocare a c\u0103ldurii.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mai mult, apare un conflict - centrala TT func\u021bioneaz\u0103 optim \u00een regim cald, c\u00e2nd alimentarea este \u00een intervalul 75-85 * C, returul este de cel pu\u021bin 65 * C. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, o marj\u0103 mic\u0103 este cea mai eficient\u0103 din punct de vedere al eficien\u021bei, atunci c\u00e2nd r\u0103m\u00e2ne foarte pu\u021bin \u00eenainte de zona de fierbere a lichidului de r\u0103cire. \u00cen acest moment, combustibilul arde cel mai eficient, dar cresc \u0219i temperaturile gazelor arse (eficien\u021ba scade odat\u0103 cu emisiile \u00een strad\u0103).<\/p>\n

C\u0103ldura \u00een exces, a\u0219a cum am scris deja, este desc\u0103rcat\u0103 \u00een siguran\u021b\u0103 \u00eentr-un acumulator de c\u0103ldur\u0103. Odat\u0103 cu \u00eenchiderea prizei de aer, situa\u021bia poate fi agravat\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 \u00een cuptor apare mult carbon nears, care st\u0103 tocmai la baza gudronului \u0219i gudronului pe pere\u021bii cazanului \u0219i ai co\u0219ului. Cu suficient\u0103 cantitate, co\u0219ul de fum se poate aprinde, ceea ce poate duce la un incendiu, distrugerea structurii co\u0219ului de fum \u0219i alte consecin\u021be negative. Adic\u0103, stingerea cazanului \u00een acest mod nu este recomandat\u0103 \u0219i chiar periculoas\u0103 \u00eentr-un anumit set de circumstan\u021be.<\/p>\n

Obiec\u021bii sus\u021binute de istorie<\/h3>\n
\n

Exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de me\u0219teri printre oameni care \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 cazanele f\u0103r\u0103 rezervor tampon nu sunt periculoase, pot fi exploatate cu succes, dau o mul\u021bime de exemple. Dar cadrul de reglementare \u0219i regulile de func\u021bionare a cazanelor cu combustibil solid - lucrul f\u0103r\u0103 rezervor tampon este strict interzis. Aceasta este protec\u021bia muncii, scris\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba oamenilor, \u0219i calcule inginere\u0219ti \u0219i justific\u0103ri economice.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\"Ar<\/a><\/p>\n

Deci, ar trebui s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi un rezervor tampon cu un cazan pe pele\u021bi?<\/h2>\n

Suntem adesea ca produc\u0103tori cazane pe peleti<\/a> opinie opus\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnim atunci c\u00e2nd la cazanul pe pele\u021bi se aplic\u0103 standardele normelor clasice ale cazanelor TT. \u0218i anume, aceasta este necesitatea de a instala cel pu\u021bin un rezervor tampon \u0219i un acumulator de c\u0103ldur\u0103. Aceast\u0103 concep\u021bie gre\u0219it\u0103 \u00eei \u00eempinge adesea pe oameni la costuri suplimentare f\u0103r\u0103 un motiv aparent. Un cazan pe pele\u021bi cu arz\u0103tor este controlat de un microcontroler, care asigur\u0103 stingerea instantanee a cazanului sau o reducere a intensit\u0103\u021bii arderii.<\/p>\n

Concluzia este simpl\u0103 - pentru func\u021bionarea normal\u0103 a unui cazan pe pele\u021bi sau a unui arz\u0103tor pe pele\u021bi instalat \u00eentr-un cazan TT, nu este necesar\u0103 instalarea de acumulatori de c\u0103ldur\u0103 sau rezervoare tampon suplimentare, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care proiectul \u0219i nevoile sistemului de \u00eenc\u0103lzire prevede altfel. .<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

De exemplu, \u00een complexele cu sere, pentru a compensa o sc\u0103dere brusc\u0103 a temperaturii, este pur \u0219i simplu vital s\u0103 instala\u021bi un acumulator de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103tor, dar acest lucru nu este necesar pentru arzator pe peleti.<\/a> \u00cen plus, rezervorul tampon este instalat ca un cazan secundar de \u00eenc\u0103lzire pentru ap\u0103 cald\u0103 menajer\u0103, dar din nou acest lucru nu se aplic\u0103 cerin\u021belor tehnice.<\/p>\n

Racorduri hidraulice cu rezervor tampon si boiler de incalzire indirecta<\/h3>\n
\"Schema<\/a>
Schema de conectare elementar\u0103 cu un tampon de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i controlul climatiz\u0103rii unui cazan pe pele\u021bi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Schema<\/a>
Izola\u021bie hidraulic\u0103 pentru conectarea mai multor circuite de \u00eenc\u0103lzire (2 etaje sau dou\u0103 case) cu alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103, circuite de radiatoare \u0219i pardoseli \u00eenc\u0103lzite. Controlat de automatizarea PLUM<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Exemple de decuplare hidraulic\u0103 la instalarea cazanelor pe pele\u021bi<\/a><\/p>\n

Exemple<\/h3>\n

S\u0103 lu\u0103m un exemplu simplu. Un cazan de uz casnic c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te \u00een medie 200-300 kg. C\u00e2nd sursa de alimentare este oprit\u0103, \u00een duza arz\u0103torului de pele\u021bi se afl\u0103 aproximativ 300-500 de grame de combustibil (s\u0103 o lu\u0103m cu o marj\u0103 de 50 kW), care, \u00een condi\u021bii ideale, poate produce maxim 2,5 kW de c\u0103ldur\u0103. Aceast\u0103 energie este suficient\u0103 pentru a \u00eenc\u0103lzi o mas\u0103 de 300 kg de la 85*C la 92*C (adic\u0103 doar 7*C).<\/p>\n

Calculul aproximativ nu ia \u00een considerare pierderea de c\u0103ldur\u0103 cu gazele de ardere, intensitatea redus\u0103 de ardere \u00een absen\u021ba suflarii intense a ventilatorului \u0219i, \u00een orice caz, microcircula\u021bia prezent\u0103 \u00een sistem. To\u021bi ace\u0219ti factori vor \u00eengusta delta deja mic\u0103 a func\u021bion\u0103rii stabile. Adic\u0103 vedem c\u0103 nici \u00een cel mai dificil caz situa\u021bia nu poate sc\u0103pa de sub control. Totodata, automatizarea arzatorului pe peleti dispune de o serie de sisteme suplimentare de protectie impotriva supraincalzirii cazanului, si tinem cont si de prezenta obligatorie a supapelor de siguranta.<\/p>\n

To\u021bi ace\u0219ti factori \u0219i doza exact\u0103 de combustibil prin automatizarea modern\u0103 echivaleaz\u0103 flexibilitatea unui cazan cu pele\u021bi, automatizarea acestuia \u0219i r\u0103spunsul la o schimbare a sistemului de \u00eenc\u0103lzire la un cazan pe gaz, care nu necesit\u0103 \u00een sine un rezervor tampon.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

De aici rezult\u0103 c\u0103 \u00eentr-o camer\u0103 a cazanelor cu pele\u021bi nu este nevoie de majoritatea dispozitivelor inerente unei centrale cu \u00eenc\u0103rcare manual\u0103!<\/p>\n

Cite\u0219te \u0219i despre tipuri de acumulatori de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cu stim\u0103 - Echipa FOCUS<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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