{"id":2799,"date":"2020-12-15T19:45:17","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T17:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=2799"},"modified":"2020-12-15T19:45:17","modified_gmt":"2020-12-15T17:45:17","slug":"avtomatizaciya-sistem-goryachego-vodosnabzheniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/avtomatizaciya-sistem-goryachego-vodosnabzheniya\/","title":{"rendered":"Automatizarea sistemelor de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Automatizare ACM utilitare: posibilit\u0103\u021bi noi \u0219i clasice<\/h1>\n<p>Automatizarea sistemelor de alimentare cu apa calda consta in mentinerea temperaturii normalizate in punctele de admisie a acesteia. De obicei, este de 60 \u00b0 C. Aceasta se realizeaza cu ajutorul aparatelor individuale de apa calda la punctele de consum sau permite alimentarea cu apa dintr-un sistem central. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, tratarea apei calde se realizeaz\u0103 \u00een mod tradi\u021bional \u00een unit\u0103\u021bi locale de schimb de c\u0103ldur\u0103. Vorbim, desigur, despre sistemele comunale de alimentare cu ap\u0103. Dar abordarea poate fi implementat\u0103 pentru un apartament sau o cas\u0103 separat\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd cazanul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire este pornit automat \u00een absen\u021ba apei calde comunale.<\/p>\n<h2>Principiul general de func\u021bionare al sistemului comunal de ACM<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 regulatoarele individuale de ap\u0103 instalate \u00een punctele de admisie sunt considerate ineficiente, aceast\u0103 abordare face posibil\u0103 realizarea unui sistem independent de alimentare cu c\u0103ldur\u0103 din \u00eentreruperile centralizate. Cu toate acestea, regulatoarele individuale sunt instalate doar \u00een rare ocazii. De obicei, sistemele publice de alimentare cu ap\u0103 sunt conectate la re\u021beaua de \u00eenc\u0103lzire central\u0103 prin \u00eenc\u0103lzitoare de ap\u0103 \u0219i abur-ap\u0103. Automatizarea sistemelor de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een men\u021binerea parametrilor fluidului.<\/p>\n<p>Controlul temperaturii apei este asigurat folosind un termostat conven\u021bional care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o supap\u0103 de control. Are dou\u0103 intr\u0103ri, unde sunt alimentate liniile de alimentare cu ap\u0103 direct\u0103 \u0219i retur, conducta de ramifica\u021bie de ie\u0219ire este conectat\u0103 la linia de alimentare cu ap\u0103. C\u00e2nd temperatura cre\u0219te peste valoarea standardizat\u0103, apa r\u0103cit\u0103 este furnizat\u0103 prin conducta de retur. \u00cen cazul unei sc\u0103deri, dimpotriv\u0103, se m\u0103re\u0219te alimentarea cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 din sistemul central de ACM.<\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 exist\u0103 un regulator local, temperatura apei este monitorizat\u0103 \u0219i men\u021binut\u0103 folosind \u00eenc\u0103lzitorul de ap\u0103 instalat.<\/p>\n<h3>Men\u021binerea temperaturii apei prin circula\u021bia sistemului<\/h3>\n<p>ACM se \u00eemparte \u00een sisteme:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cu circulatie a apei;<\/li>\n<li>fara circulatie a apei.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00cen al doilea caz, cu o admisie nesemnificativ\u0103 de ap\u0103, apa din sistem este r\u0103cit\u0103 \u0219i trebuie drenat\u0103 la o temperatur\u0103 acceptabil\u0103. Pentru a elimina acest efect, se instaleaz\u0103 local o pomp\u0103 centrifug\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine circula\u021bia. C\u00e2nd temperatura din sistem scade la 45 \u00b0 C, regulatorul declan\u0219at porne\u0219te pompa, \u00een timp ce \u00eenc\u0103lzirea apei din cazan este pornit\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd temperatura apei este adus\u0103 la valorile standardizate de 60-65 \u00b0 C, regulatorul func\u021bioneaz\u0103 din nou \u0219i opre\u0219te pompa cu un \u00eenc\u0103lzitor de ap\u0103. De asemenea, in unele cazuri, suportul de alimentare cu apa calda este oprit noaptea.<\/p>\n<h3>Men\u021binerea temperaturii \u00een sisteme deschise \u0219i \u00eenchise<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen sistem pot fi instalate \u0219i acumulatoare de c\u0103ldur\u0103, cu ajutorul c\u0103rora se men\u021bine temperatura apei din sistem. Dar detaliile de func\u021bionare a complexului comunal ACM depind de sistemul specific de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 \u0219i de tipul de sistem (deschis sau \u00eenchis). Automatizarea sistemelor de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 se realizeaz\u0103 \u0219i pe baza caracteristicilor sistemului.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centr-un sistem deschis, c\u00e2nd temperatura se modific\u0103, volumul de ap\u0103 furnizat din re\u021bea se modific\u0103, separarea debitului este asigurat\u0103 de o supap\u0103 cu trei c\u0103i. Astfel, se realizeaz\u0103 amestecarea volumului necesar de ap\u0103 cald\u0103 \u0219i rece. Abordarea asigur\u0103 o admisie constant\u0103 de ap\u0103 din re\u021bea, ceea ce elimin\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103lcarea reglement\u0103rii hidraulice.<\/p>\n<p>Dar aportul constant de ap\u0103 duce la o cre\u0219tere a temperaturii \u00een conducta de retur, ceea ce are ca rezultat o cre\u0219tere a costului c\u0103ldurii consumate. Atunci c\u00e2nd este conectat la o central\u0103 de cogenerare, acest lucru este nedorit, deoarece \u00een acest caz generarea de energie electric\u0103 de c\u0103tre sta\u021bie scade odat\u0103 cu cre\u0219terea consumului de c\u0103ldur\u0103.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2844\" src=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_1.jpg\" alt=\"Automatizare ACM \u00eentr-un bloc de locuin\u021be\" width=\"211\" height=\"264\" title=\"- -\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2845\" src=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_2.jpg\" alt=\"Automatizare ACM \u00eentr-un bloc de locuin\u021be\" width=\"199\" height=\"309\" title=\"- -\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2846\" src=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_3.jpg\" alt=\"Automatizare ACM \u00eentr-un bloc de locuin\u021be\" width=\"208\" height=\"309\" title=\"- -\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2847\" src=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_1_4.jpg\" alt=\"Automatizare ACM \u00eentr-un bloc de locuin\u021be\" width=\"203\" height=\"270\" title=\"- -\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Orez. 1. Schema de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 cu automatizare \u00een sistem \u00eenchis (a - paralel; b - mixt \u00een dou\u0103 trepte;\u00a0<em>v -<\/em>\u00a0secven\u0163ial \u00een dou\u0103 etape; d - diagram\u0103 cu o supap\u0103 de control cu trei c\u0103i). \u0422\u0421 - regulator de temperatur\u0103; \u0420\u0420 - contabilitatea cheltuielilor; TE - senzor de temperatur\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centr-un sistem deschis de ACM, apa este furnizat\u0103 direct consumatorilor. Temperatura este reglat\u0103 de baterie din fluxul direct \u0219i invers al sistemului de ACM. \u00cen sistemele deschise, un design popular este cu o supap\u0103 de control direct al debitului \u0219i o supap\u0103 de control al fluxului de retur, precum \u0219i utilizarea unei supape de amestec cu trei c\u0103i.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_2_1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2848\" src=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_2_1.jpg\" alt=\"- -\" width=\"239\" height=\"214\" title=\"- -\"><\/a><\/td>\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_2_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2849\" src=\"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/7_2_2.jpg\" alt=\"- -\" width=\"236\" height=\"215\" title=\"- -\"><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Orez. 2. Schema de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 cu automatizare \u00een sistem deschis (cu robinet de control cu dou\u0103 c\u0103i (a) \u0219i trei c\u0103i (b).<\/p>\n<h2>Automatizare ACM \u00een consum reziden\u021bial<\/h2>\n<p>\u00cen apartament, racordarea boilerelor de rezerv\u0103 poate fi automatizat\u0103 \u00een absen\u021ba apei calde \u00een re\u021bea. Inclusiv, alimentarea \u0219i \u00eenc\u0103lzirea lichidului din circuitul rece \u0219i \u00een condi\u021biile unei cl\u0103diri reziden\u021biale individuale din rezervorul de stocare. Automatizarea v\u0103 permite s\u0103 comuta\u021bi automat consumul \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 interven\u021bia utilizatorului.<\/p>\n<p>Totodat\u0103, se eviden\u021biaz\u0103 captarea apei calde din re\u021beaua de utilit\u0103\u021bi cu ajutorul unui contor de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103. Automatizarea sistemelor de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 pentru apartamente \u0219i case const\u0103 \u00een utilizarea sistemelor automate de consum. De exemplu, pornirea unui set de baie, precum \u0219i controlul temperaturii apei din circuit.<\/p>\n<p>Sistemul de automatizare poate include \u0219i supape de \u00eenchidere cu solenoid. Acestea v\u0103 permit s\u0103 opri\u021bi sistemul de alimentare cu ap\u0103 de la distan\u021b\u0103 \u00een timpul accidentelor. \u00cen acest caz, \u00een baie \u0219i \u00een toalet\u0103 este instalat un sistem de control al scurgerilor, care transmite date prin Wi-Fi. Cu ajutorul acestuia, pute\u021bi minimiza riscurile de accidente domestice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"button24\" href=\"\/ro\/services\/\">Comanda un proiect pentru incalzire industriala si alimentare cu apa calda<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0413\u0412\u0421: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 60 \u00b0\u0421. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442, [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jekonomichnoe-otoplenie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2799"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2799\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}