{"id":10197,"date":"2024-07-21T19:10:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-21T17:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=10197"},"modified":"2024-08-10T14:24:14","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T12:24:14","slug":"bojler-opredelenie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/bojler-opredelenie\/","title":{"rendered":"Cazan (defini\u021bie)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Cazan<\/strong> (din engleza boiler - boiler, boiler) este un dispozitiv de schimb de caldura destinat incalzirii si acumularii de apa calda sau abur folosit pentru nevoile menajere, incalzire sau procese industriale. Este format dintr-un recipient din metal, \u00een interiorul c\u0103ruia se afl\u0103 un schimb\u0103tor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 care trece c\u0103ldura prin ap\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Proiectarea cazanului<\/h3>\n<p>De regul\u0103, containerul este realizat din diferite volume sub form\u0103 de cilindru cu un perete radial superior \u0219i inferior pentru a crea condi\u021bii termodinamice acceptabile.<\/p>\n<p>Cazanul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire indirect\u0103 este echipat cu o carcas\u0103 protejat\u0103 termic pentru a reduce pierderile de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te sarcinile <a href=\"\/ro\/teploakkumulyator-dlya-kotla-preimushhestva-i-vidy\/\">acumulator de c\u0103ldur\u0103<\/a>. Proiectarea cazanului presupune prezen\u021ba schimb\u0103toarelor de c\u0103ldur\u0103 de la diferi\u021bi consumatori, iar loca\u021bia instal\u0103rii acestora conteaz\u0103. Circuitele de schimb de c\u0103ldur\u0103 cu o temperatur\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103lzire mai mare sunt instalate \u00een partea de sus, iar circuitele proiectate pentru o temperatur\u0103 de \u00eenc\u0103lzire mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 sunt instalate \u00een partea de jos. Acest design este tipic pentru rezervoarele tampon, care sunt utilizate \u00een sisteme cu <a href=\"\/ro\/tverdotoplivnyj-kotel-opredelenie\/\">cazane cu combustibil solid<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen modelele electrice de uz casnic \u0219i \u00eentr-o serie de sisteme, schimb\u0103torul de c\u0103ldur\u0103 este un element de \u00eenc\u0103lzire, din acest motiv, transferul de c\u0103ldur\u0103 \u0219i zona de contact a lichidului de r\u0103cire cu elementul de \u00eenc\u0103lzire sunt importante. \u00cen consecin\u021b\u0103, pot fi utilizate mai multe schimb\u0103toare de c\u0103ldur\u0103 din mai multe surse de c\u0103ldur\u0103, de ex. <a href=\"\/ro\/solnechnyj-kollektor-opredelenie\/\">colector solar<\/a>. Decuplarea hidraulic\u0103 a sistemelor cu astfel de structuri presupune instalarea <a href=\"\/ro\/kollektor-opredelenie\/\">colector<\/a> cu grupuri de pompe sau vane cu trei c\u0103i pentru amestecarea \u0219i stabilizarea temperaturii apei.<\/p>\n<h3>Aplica\u021bie<\/h3>\n<p>Cazanul este utilizat \u00een sisteme <a href=\"\/ro\/bojler-kosvennogo-nagreva-opredelenie\/\">\u00eenc\u0103lzire indirect\u0103<\/a>, de exemplu, pentru alimentarea cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 sau \u201epardoseal\u0103 cald\u0103\u201d la temperatur\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00een sistemele cu un cazan cu combustibil solid, combin\u00e2nd func\u021biile unui rezervor de expansiune (atunci c\u00e2nd este instalat deasupra nivelului sistemului de \u00eenc\u0103lzire) \u0219i un acumulator de c\u0103ldur\u0103. De obicei, cele mai comune modele con\u021bin un element de \u00eenc\u0103lzire alimentat de electricitate pentru a \u00eenc\u0103lzi apa cald\u0103. Sisteme similare pot fi utilizate pentru \u00eenc\u0103lzirea prin pardoseal\u0103 \u0219i alte sarcini, inclusiv \u00eenc\u0103lzirea, dar costul unor astfel de sisteme care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 cu energie electric\u0103 va fi ridicat pentru a func\u021biona.<\/p>\n<p>Ele sunt utilizate \u00een sistemele cu \u00eenc\u0103lzire cu abur pentru a \u00eenc\u0103lzi apa \u00een sistemele de alimentare cu ap\u0103 cald\u0103 \u0219i pentru a preg\u0103ti lichidul de r\u0103cire pentru alimentarea sistemului de \u00eenc\u0103lzire central\u0103. Cazanele sunt utilizate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 la centralele termice, centralele nucleare \u0219i centralele puternice de tip cluster. De exemplu, o astfel de solu\u021bie este potrivit\u0103 pentru organizarea de \u00eenc\u0103lzire centralizat\u0103 \u0219i alimentare cu ap\u0103 pe baza <a href=\"\/ro\/parogeneratory\/\">generator de abur pe pelete FOCUS<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440 (\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. boiler \u2014 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0451\u043b, \u043a\u0438\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a)\u00a0\u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434, \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u0439\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10197","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-baza-terminov-po-otopleniyu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10197"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10451,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10197\/revisions\/10451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10197"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}