{"id":8490,"date":"2024-03-02T15:46:18","date_gmt":"2024-03-02T13:46:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=8490"},"modified":"2024-03-02T15:46:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-02T13:46:18","slug":"pelletnoe-centralnoe-otoplenie-v-evrope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/pelletnoe-centralnoe-otoplenie-v-evrope\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami v Evrop\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami v Evrop\u011b \u2013 jak re\u00e1ln\u00e9 je to?<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami v Evrop\u011b je nov\u00fdm slovem v z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed zem\u00ed s rozvinut\u00fdm zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm. Modern\u00ed sm\u011brnice EU v\u0161ak po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm granul\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem popela, z tohoto d\u016fvodu je vylou\u010deno zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch surovin pro jeho v\u00fdrobu. \u0158e\u0161en\u00edm tohoto probl\u00e9mu mohou b\u00fdt kotle na pelety spaluj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny zplodiny spalov\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi emisemi CO2 do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Tato technologie se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v topn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch FOCUS.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

P\u016fvod vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami \u2013 je to alternativa k plynu?<\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u00f3da vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami p\u0159i\u0161la z \u00fazem\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu, kter\u00fd nem\u00e1 z\u00e1soby zemn\u00edho plynu a p\u0159eprava LNG je drah\u00e1 a nerentabiln\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00fd pod\u00edl hrub\u00e9ho produktu ostrovn\u00edho st\u00e1tu poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, a proto se hlavn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em stalo vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami, obnoviteln\u00fdm rostlinn\u00fdm palivem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuto technologii obvykle vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed obytn\u00e9 komplexy s v\u00edce byty a dom\u00e1cnosti pro individu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b je zalo\u017eeno na fosiln\u00edch palivech a plynu. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed topen\u00ed na pelety je raritou kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9mu riziku, \u017ee dojdou suroviny na v\u00fdrobu pelet. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 je tento typ vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed budov ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro koncept OFFGRID, autonomn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed a programovateln\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chladic\u00edch okruh\u016f. A skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie, jejich\u017e popt\u00e1vka v EU \u010din\u00ed 20% celkov\u00e9 spot\u0159eby.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Jak \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00e9 jsou kotelny na pelety?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00edm kotelen na pelety dosahuj\u00ed 10 MW. To v\u0161ak zdaleka nen\u00ed limit. Omezen\u00edm je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b dostupnost granulovan\u00e9ho paliva. Pro spalov\u00e1n\u00ed peletov\u00fdm ho\u0159\u00e1kem jsou ale vhodn\u00e9 jak\u00e9koli granule, d\u00edky objemov\u00e9mu a velmi intenzivn\u00edmu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed se spaluj\u00ed v\u0161echny produkty spalov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v pyrol\u00fdzn\u00edch kotl\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k dlouhodob\u00e9mu spalov\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Topen\u00ed\"<\/a>
Koncepce vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed clusteru pelet<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00da\u010dinnost kotle na pelety FOCUS s ho\u0159\u00e1kem ho\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e9ho typu dosahuje 95%. Pro kotelny na pelety je tedy v budoucnu mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat pelety vyroben\u00e9 z odpadu, je v\u0161ak nutn\u00e9 normalizovat emise do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro kotle na pelety FOCUS se doporu\u010duje pou\u017e\u00edvat pelety vyroben\u00e9 ze sez\u00f3nn\u00edho odpadu ze zem\u011bd\u011blsko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho sektoru. Jedn\u00e1 se o seno, slune\u010dnicov\u00fd \u0161rot, sez\u00f3nn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd odpad ze slune\u010dnice a dal\u0161\u00ed plodiny nevyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ke krmen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. P\u0159\u00edpustn\u00fd obsah popela v pelet\u00e1ch je 10%, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed obsah popela, ne\u017e je povolen\u00fd obsah popela v pelet\u00e1ch povolen\u00fdch na evropsk\u00e9m trhu, kter\u00e9 lze ve skute\u010dnosti vyr\u00e1b\u011bt pouze z tyrsy, tedy d\u0159evozpracuj\u00edc\u00edho odpadu. V Evrop\u011b tedy zat\u00edm nelze o\u010dek\u00e1vat plo\u0161n\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed technologie pelet a nasazen\u00ed peletov\u00e9ho \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kter\u00fd v\u00fdchod?<\/span><\/h2>\n
\"Vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>
Topen\u00ed odpadn\u00edmi peletami je zalo\u017eeno na vlastnostech ho\u0159\u00e1ku. Pro realizaci konceptu bude nutn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt pyrol\u00fdzu ke spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fumar\u00e1t\u016f a vyu\u017eit\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho pomoc\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch sklen\u00edk\u016f nebo p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u00fdsadeb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mo\u017enost spalov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu s normovan\u00fdmi emisemi do atmosf\u00e9ry je v\u00fdborn\u00fd n\u00e1pad, vhodn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro megam\u011bsta, kde je ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu pro civilizaci zna\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Pelety by se mohly st\u00e1t jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zpracovat a znovu pou\u017e\u00edt produkty, a obej\u00edt tak cyklus skladov\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u016f\u017ee technologie pelet tvo\u0159it z\u00e1klad pro centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletami v Evrop\u011b. P\u0159et\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed peletov\u00fdch kotelen dosahuje 2000 MW, p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed pelet z odpadu je pln\u011b kompenzov\u00e1na pot\u0159eba tepla i energie. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 pouze normalizovat emise do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed z peletov\u00fdch kotelen provozovan\u00fdch na \u201epelety na odpad\u201c.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 — \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e? \u041f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0415\u0421 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0441\/\u0445 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044b, \u0441\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8614,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ne-tolko-o-kotlah"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8490"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8490\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8490"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8490"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8490"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}