{"id":8330,"date":"2024-02-24T22:57:43","date_gmt":"2024-02-24T20:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=8330"},"modified":"2024-02-24T22:57:43","modified_gmt":"2024-02-24T20:57:43","slug":"centralnoe-otoplenie-v-evrope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/centralnoe-otoplenie-v-evrope\/","title":{"rendered":"Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b: jak to funguje<\/span><\/h1>\n

Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b je velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 od ukrajinsk\u00e9ho, chyb\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 jsou pom\u011brn\u011b drah\u00e9. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 601 TP3T energie spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 v reziden\u010dn\u00edm sektoru je na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Spot\u0159eba a typy vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed se v\u0161ak li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zemi a rozsahu zimn\u00edch teplot.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40% evropsk\u00e9 populace vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed plyn, 30% elekt\u0159inu, alternativn\u00ed obnoviteln\u00e9 suroviny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 20%, ropn\u00e9 produkty, jako je nafta, pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v t\u011b\u017eko dostupn\u00fdch oblastech u\u017eivatel\u00e9 10%. Plyn je v N\u011bmecku obl\u00edben\u00fd, i kdy\u017e v\u00fdchodn\u00ed st\u00e1ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed kamny. Ve Finsku p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 elektrick\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed je v Evrop\u011b realizov\u00e1no jako individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a klastrov\u00e9 (z mal\u00fdch kotelen) z d\u016fvodu nedostatku energetick\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b za\u010daly investovat do d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Sm\u011brnice upravuj\u00edc\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed a d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed budov zavedla EU po\u017eadavky na pasivizaci budov. Vy\u017eaduje se dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed norem energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti, obl\u00edben\u00fd je i koncept pasivn\u00edch dom\u016f s nulovou spot\u0159ebou energie. Pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sm\u011brnice EPBD, NZEB, EPC.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje tak\u00e9 sm\u011brnice RED o obnoviteln\u00e9 energii. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ke standardizaci stejn\u00fdch surovin pelet, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdrobu granul\u00ed s n\u00edzk\u00fdm obsahem popela. Odpadaj\u00ed v\u0161ak n\u011bkter\u00e9 suroviny pro pelety, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se sni\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1klady a zdroje pro tento typ vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Peletov\u00e9 kotle FOCUS mohou pracovat s peletami s vysok\u00fdm obsahem popela bez zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed emis\u00ed do ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. Z va\u0161eho kom\u00edna bude vych\u00e1zet b\u00edl\u00fd a studen\u00fd kou\u0159. Existuje tak\u00e9 sm\u011brnice pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a chlazen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 reguluje v\u00fdrobu za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto sm\u011brnice jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny na jeden spole\u010dn\u00fd c\u00edl: sn\u00ed\u017eit emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00farove\u0148 dod\u00e1vek energie pro obyvatelstvo a tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu, u\u010dinit vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. K jednotn\u00e9mu os\u00eddlen\u00ed severn\u00edch a \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddlen\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed i zdokonalen\u00e9 technologie vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b investuj\u00ed do s\u00edt\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, aby sn\u00ed\u017eily emise z jednotliv\u00fdch nebo dom\u00e1c\u00edch kotl\u016f. Jak se ale o\u010dek\u00e1valo, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b nebude levn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Domovn\u00ed kotelny a \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed topen\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Je t\u0159eba rozli\u0161ovat podle charakteru domovn\u00ed kotelny<\/strong><\/a>, vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed byt\u016f doma a s\u00edt\u011b \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed z tepeln\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. V Evrop\u011b je z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed teplem zam\u011b\u0159eno sp\u00ed\u0161e na spot\u0159ebu plynu a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. \u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed vyvinuto ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch, n\u00e1klady jsou pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9, z tohoto d\u016fvodu je lep\u0161\u00ed zvolit d\u016fm, kter\u00fd je vyt\u00e1p\u011bn kotelnou na pelety. Stoj\u00ed to m\u00e9n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na p\u0159\u00edkladu na\u0161ich kotl\u016f FOCUS lze takovou kotelnu nasadit s celkov\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem a\u017e 2,5 MW, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bude zapojeno do kask\u00e1dy a teplo bude dod\u00e1v\u00e1no do stoupa\u010dek spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Tento typ vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nav\u00edc podporuje ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed klimatizace. Vzhledem k palivu dosahuj\u00ed \u00faspory 50-70% oproti plynu. Dodate\u010dn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed klimatizace umo\u017en\u00ed dod\u00e1vat teplo na vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v automatick\u00e9m re\u017eimu bez omezov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u00faspor bude dosa\u017eeno d\u00edky nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla v dob\u011b nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti obyvatel.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Komun\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/a>
Spole\u010dn\u00e1 kotelna s klimatizac\u00ed s bytov\u00fdmi regul\u00e1tory po\u010das\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Klimatizace<\/a>
Klimatizace s jedn\u00edm regul\u00e1torem po\u010das\u00ed pro kotle na pelety<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Kask\u00e1dov\u00e1<\/a>
Kask\u00e1dov\u00e1 kotelna s klimatizac\u00ed pro byty s jedn\u00edm regul\u00e1torem po\u010das\u00ed a dotykov\u00fdmi panely byt po byt\u011b. Schematick\u00fd diagram<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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