{"id":6047,"date":"2022-10-26T07:30:49","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T05:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=6047"},"modified":"2022-10-26T07:30:49","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T05:30:49","slug":"par-kak-teplonositel-dlya-sistem-otopleniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/par-kak-teplonositel-dlya-sistem-otopleniya\/","title":{"rendered":"Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra jako chladic\u00ed kapalina \u010d. 1 pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1rou a parn\u00edm gener\u00e1torem: nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teplonosn\u00e9 m\u00e9dium pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h1>\n

V\u00fdb\u011br topn\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krit\u00e9riem \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159enosu tepla. Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra jako nosi\u010d tepla pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my je \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed komun\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Kondenzace p\u00e1ry umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edskat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla p\u0159i relativn\u011b ekonomick\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b p\u00e1ry, proto\u017ee kondenza\u010dn\u00ed teplo p\u0159i tlaku 1 atmosf\u00e9ry dosahuje 540 kcal \/ kg.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k vysok\u00fdm sou\u010dinitel\u016fm prostupu tepla z kondenzovan\u00e9 p\u00e1ry je odpor proti p\u0159enosu tepeln\u00e9 energie relativn\u011b mal\u00fd, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje zajistit vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s malou teplosm\u011bnnou plochou.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm nosi\u010dem tepla pro u\u017eitkov\u00e9 topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, jej\u00ed vlastnosti<\/h2>\n

Parn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory<\/strong><\/a> a proto je vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed bytov\u00fdch dom\u016f, proto\u017ee je ziskov\u00e1. V\u00fdhody spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed ve vlastnostech syt\u00e9 p\u00e1ry. Za prv\u00e9, jeho d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdhodou je st\u00e1lost kondenza\u010dn\u00ed teploty p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00e9m tlaku. To v\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje udr\u017eovat teplotu topen\u00ed, v\u011bdom\u011b upravovat teplotu, kdy\u017e je oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1na chladic\u00ed kapalina pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, a tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt korekce zm\u011bnou tlaku hork\u00e9 p\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinnost instalac\u00ed parn\u00edho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed je jedna z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch a jsou spln\u011bny i dal\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky, jako je p\u0159\u00edstupnost a po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mezi nev\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst tlaku s rostouc\u00ed teplotou. V d\u016fsledku toho teplota oh\u0159evu, se kterou p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do styku chladic\u00ed kapalina pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, obvykle nep\u0159esahuje 180-190 \u00b0 C, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 tlaku par asi 10-12 atmosf\u00e9r. Pokud chcete p\u0159i vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty, hroz\u00ed exploze p\u00e1ry, proto jsou nutn\u00e9 nerentabiln\u00ed silnost\u011bnn\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdrobci vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed na speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zak\u00e1zky a maj\u00ed velmi vysokou cenu. Stejn\u011b vysok\u00e9 po\u017eadavky jsou kladeny na komunikaci a pou\u017eit\u00e9 uzav\u00edrac\u00ed ventily.<\/p>\n

Vyv\u00edje\u010de p\u00e1ry na pelety<\/h2>\n

Toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro klastrov\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdrobu energie s vyu\u017eit\u00edm pelet z m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho odpadu pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

 <\/p>\n

V podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch komun\u00e1ln\u00edch podnik\u016f je vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1rou mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed parogener\u00e1toru TM "Focus". parn\u00ed gener\u00e1tor <\/strong>SOUST\u0158EDIT SE<\/strong><\/a> lze pou\u017e\u00edt jako modul parn\u00edho kotle zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravu p\u00e1ry pomoc\u00ed pelet. Jedn\u00e1 se o vysoce \u00fa\u010dinnou technologii nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm tepeln\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem, ide\u00e1ln\u00ed pro obce. Parogener\u00e1tor pro parn\u00ed kotelnu lze kombinovat s linkou na v\u00fdrobu pelet z jak\u00e9koliv vhodn\u00e9 suroviny. Dohromady m\u016f\u017ee takov\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed nebo prodat obyvatelstvu teplo s velkou mar\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Parn\u00ed<\/a><\/p>\n

Vyu\u017eit\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 p\u00e1ry<\/h2>\n

V pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch m\u011bstech mohou podniky vyu\u017e\u00edvat vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevyu\u017eita po parn\u00edch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Recyklovan\u00e1 p\u00e1ra m\u00e1 zpravidla tlak a\u017e 250 atmosf\u00e9r. Ta je p\u0159esm\u011brov\u00e1na na turb\u00edny k v\u00fdrob\u011b elekt\u0159iny a ji\u017e vy\u010derpan\u00e1 p\u00e1ra po turb\u00edn\u00e1ch o tlaku 6-8 atmosf\u00e9r se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. Vlastnosti recykla\u010dn\u00ed technologie v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduj\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed vylep\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Kogenera\u010dn\u00ed<\/a>
Kogenera\u010dn\u00ed jednotka vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pelety na b\u00e1zi parogener\u00e1tor\u016f FOCUS<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vznikl\u00e1 \u201ezma\u010dkan\u00e1 p\u00e1ra\u201c se zejm\u00e9na p\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a pro jej\u00ed p\u0159epravu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed potrub\u00ed se zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem. Aby nebylo nutn\u00e9 p\u00e1ru p\u0159epravovat za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, zvlh\u010duje se p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm hork\u00e9 vody. V tomto zkondenzovan\u00e9m stavu je p\u00e1ra pos\u00edl\u00e1na do Tepeln\u00e9 v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edky<\/strong>. V profesion\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech se v\u0161ak \u201ezma\u010dkan\u00e1 p\u00e1ra\u201c pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako nosi\u010d tepla topn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f z\u0159\u00eddka, proto\u017ee koeficienty p\u0159enosu tepla p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 p\u00e1ry jsou mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se k udr\u017een\u00ed teploty chladic\u00ed kapaliny a kompenzaci tepeln\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nosi\u010de tepla pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my "mrtv\u00e1 p\u00e1ra"<\/h2>\n

Tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk pro hluchou p\u00e1ru znamen\u00e1 p\u0159enos tepla st\u011bnou. Princip \u010dinnosti spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee p\u00e1ra z parogener\u00e1toru je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bna do v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku tepla, kde je chladivo (kapalina nebo plyn) oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1no p\u00e1rou p\u0159es kontaktn\u00ed st\u011bnu. P\u00e1ra p\u0159i kontaktu se studenou st\u011bnou evidentn\u011b kondenzuje a je odv\u00e1d\u011bna dole v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edk tepla<\/strong><\/a>. Teplota filmu kondenz\u00e1tu a kondenzuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u00e1ry je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Chladic\u00ed<\/a>
Chladic\u00ed kapalina pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Typy produkt\u016f v mini-CHP<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Spot\u0159eba hluch\u00e9 p\u00e1ry pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro chladivo otopn\u00fdch soustav, kdy se p\u00e1ra oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed, je ur\u010dena rovnic\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 bilance. K tomu pot\u0159ebujete zn\u00e1t tepelnou kapacitu m\u00e9dia, teplotn\u00ed rozsah, entalpii p\u00e1ry a kondenz\u00e1tu a tak\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu takov\u00e9ho parn\u00edho v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edku tepla se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, pokud p\u00e1ra pln\u011b nekondenzuje na st\u011bn\u00e1ch. Odvody kondenz\u00e1tu slou\u017e\u00ed k odvodu kondenz\u00e1tu, zkondenzovan\u00e1 voda je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bna zp\u011bt do vyv\u00edje\u010de p\u00e1ry. Odvad\u011b\u010de kondenz\u00e1tu s plov\u00e1kem se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i tlac\u00edch do 10 atmosf\u00e9r.<\/p>\n

Odvad\u011b\u010de kondenz\u00e1tu jsou instalov\u00e1ny pod v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edkem tepla a jsou opat\u0159eny obtokov\u00fdm veden\u00edm, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uje nevyp\u00ednat jednotku b\u011bhem opravy.<\/p>\n

Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nekondenzovateln\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/h3>\n

Topn\u00e1 p\u00e1ra obsahuje mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed plyn\u016f, kter\u00e9 za provozn\u00edch podm\u00ednek nekondenzuj\u00ed. Hovo\u0159\u00edme o (N2 O2) CO2), kter\u00fd se uvol\u0148uje p\u0159i chemick\u00e9 \u00faprav\u011b kotlov\u00e9 kapaliny a v d\u016fsledku odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Tato ne\u010distota v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje p\u0159enos tepla. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu jsou tyto plyny odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny, pro tyto \u00fa\u010dely je v odvad\u011b\u010di kondenz\u00e1tu pou\u017eit odvzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00ed ventil.<\/p>\n

Oh\u0159ev nosi\u010de tepla pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my "\u017eiv\u00e1 p\u00e1ra"<\/h2>\n

Tento zp\u016fsob oh\u0159evu chladic\u00ed kapaliny je mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a zahrnuje p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1ry p\u0159\u00edmo do chladic\u00ed kapaliny. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, prov\u00e1d\u00ed se m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm oh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia.<\/p>\n

P\u00e1ra se p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159es probubl\u00e1va\u010de. Jedn\u00e1 se o trubky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na dn\u011b m\u00edchac\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee s koncovkou s mnoha otvory. To je nezbytn\u00e9 pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed podm\u00ednek m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hluku a tak\u00e9 pro eliminaci mo\u017en\u00fdch vodn\u00edch r\u00e1z\u016f.<\/p>\n

Tich\u00e9 oh\u0159\u00edva\u010de maj\u00ed trysku, kterou vych\u00e1z\u00ed p\u00e1ra. Kapalina z n\u00e1dr\u017ee je zachycena bo\u010dn\u00edmi otvory, sm\u00edch\u00e1na s p\u00e1rou, tak\u017ee se oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 chladic\u00ed kapalina pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Z rovnice tepeln\u00e9 bilance se tak\u00e9 ur\u010duje spot\u0159eba \u017eiv\u00e9 p\u00e1ry s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k rovnosti kone\u010dn\u00fdch teplot kapaliny a kondenz\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Projektov\u00e1n\u00ed parn\u00edch kotl\u016f pro rodinn\u00e9 domy, OSBB a pr\u016fmysl<\/h2>\n

Chcete-li si po\u0159\u00eddit vyv\u00edje\u010d p\u00e1ry a vyu\u017e\u00edvat vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru jako nosi\u010d tepla pro topn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my nejen co nejefektivn\u011bji, ale tak\u00e9 aby byl bez\u00fadr\u017ebov\u00fd a automatick\u00fd, zvolte pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed peletov\u00e9 vyv\u00edje\u010de p\u00e1ry FOCUS. Na\u0161i odborn\u00edci v\u00e1m pomohou s v\u00fdvojem individu\u00e1ln\u00edho projektu parn\u00edho kotle pro va\u0161e c\u00edle a z\u00e1m\u011bry. V\u00fdhodou peletov\u00e9 technologie je automatick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun pelet z bunkru nebo skladu. Parn\u00ed gener\u00e1tory FOCUS jsou vybaveny mikrokontrol\u00e9rem pro programov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed topn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Parn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00edky tepla vyr\u00e1b\u00ed \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost ALFA LAVAL<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se prezentuje na ukrajinsk\u00e9m trhu.<\/p>\n

\"Topen\u00ed\"<\/a>
Koncept klastrov\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed pelet z m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho odpadu lze vyu\u017e\u00edt v kombinaci s parogener\u00e1tory, takov\u00e9 klastrov\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny mohou vyr\u00e1b\u011bt teplo a elekt\u0159inu pro m\u011bsto.<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c: \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 […]\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tehnologii-otopleniya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6047"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6047\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8769"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}