{"id":10232,"date":"2024-07-16T19:34:37","date_gmt":"2024-07-16T17:34:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/?p=10232"},"modified":"2024-08-03T22:44:07","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T20:44:07","slug":"solnechnyj-kollektor-opredelenie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/solnechnyj-kollektor-opredelenie\/","title":{"rendered":"Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektor (definice)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>slune\u010dn\u00ed kolektor<\/strong> je za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b slune\u010dn\u00ed energie na tepelnou energii, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k oh\u0159evu vody, vzduchu nebo jin\u00fdch chladiv. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory jsou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v syst\u00e9mech z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed teplou vodou, vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a klimatizac\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edch tepelnou energii.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory tomu, \u017ee sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektor vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k oh\u0159evu slune\u010dn\u00ed energii, technologie se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f a zp\u016fsob odb\u011bru a akumulace <a href=\"\/cs\/teplovaya-jenergiya-chto-jeto\/\">Term\u00e1ln\u00ed energie<\/a>. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna nejprve z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 elekt\u0159inu pomoc\u00ed fotovoltaick\u00fdch panel\u016f, kter\u00e1 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k oh\u0159evu chladic\u00ed kapaliny a tepl\u00e9 vody. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b <a href=\"\/cs\/jelektricheskoe-otoplenie-opredelenie\/\">elektrick\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/a> absorbuje energii p\u0159ijatou ze slunce. To ale nen\u00ed efektivn\u00ed, proto jsou sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory ide\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro p\u0159\u00edpravu tepl\u00e9 vody a vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti s n\u00edzkoteplotn\u00edm okruhem (tepl\u00e9 podlahy).<\/p>\n<h3>Hlavn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti a princip \u010dinnosti sol\u00e1rn\u00edho kolektoru:<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Absorp\u010dn\u00ed deska<\/strong> - hlavn\u00ed prvek kolektoru, kter\u00fd pohlcuje slune\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje ho na teplo. Deska je obvykle vyrobena z materi\u00e1l\u016f s vysokou tepelnou vodivost\u00ed, jako je m\u011b\u010f nebo hlin\u00edk, a pota\u017eena speci\u00e1ln\u00edm selektivn\u00edm povlakem pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti absorpce.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transparentn\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br<\/strong> \u2014 chr\u00e1n\u00ed absorp\u010dn\u00ed desku a sni\u017euje tepeln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty v d\u016fsledku sklen\u00edkov\u00e9ho efektu. Obvykle se jedn\u00e1 o tvrzen\u00e9 sklo nebo polymerov\u00fd materi\u00e1l s vysokou propustnost\u00ed sv\u011btla.<\/li>\n<li><strong>tepeln\u00e1 izolace<\/strong> \u2014 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na zadn\u00ed a bo\u010dn\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b kolektoru pro minimalizaci tepeln\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chladic\u00ed kapalina<\/strong> - kapalina nebo plyn, kter\u00e9 cirkuluj\u00ed trubicemi p\u0159ipevn\u011bn\u00fdmi k desce absorb\u00e9ru, pohlcuj\u00ed teplo a p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed je do syst\u00e9mu spot\u0159eby (nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1sobn\u00edk tepl\u00e9 vody nebo topn\u00fd syst\u00e9m).<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\u00e1m<\/strong> \u2014 zaji\u0161\u0165uje ochranu v\u0161ech sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kolektoru a t\u011bsnost syst\u00e9mu, zabra\u0148uje pronik\u00e1n\u00ed vlhkosti a ne\u010distot.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektor: typy<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ploch\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory<\/strong> - Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed typ, sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed z ploch\u00e9 absorp\u010dn\u00ed desky pokryt\u00e9 pr\u016fhledn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem. Vhodn\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu obytn\u00fdch a komer\u010dn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rozd\u011blova\u010de vakuov\u00fdch trubek<\/strong> \u2014 sest\u00e1vaj\u00ed z n\u011bkolika sklen\u011bn\u00fdch vakuov\u00fdch trubic, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 obsahuje absorp\u010dn\u00ed prvek a chladic\u00ed kapalinu. Vakuum poskytuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed tepelnou izolaci, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou tyto kolektory \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 v chladn\u00e9m klimatu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>V\u00fdhody sol\u00e1rn\u00edch kolektor\u016f:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0160etrnost k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong> \u2014 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie sni\u017euje emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a sni\u017euje z\u00e1vislost na fosiln\u00edch zdroj\u00edch energie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Energetick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost<\/strong> \u2014 vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159em\u011bny slune\u010dn\u00ed energie na teplo m\u016f\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit n\u00e1klady na vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a dod\u00e1vku tepl\u00e9 vody.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odolnost a n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu<\/strong> \u2014 modern\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory maj\u00ed dlouhou \u017eivotnost a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Pou\u017eit\u00ed sol\u00e1rn\u00edch kolektor\u016f:<\/h3>\n<p>Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory jsou \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro oh\u0159ev vody v obytn\u00fdch a komer\u010dn\u00edch budov\u00e1ch, \u00fadr\u017ebu topn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, oh\u0159ev baz\u00e9n\u016f a v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch procesech, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed tepelnou energii. Uplatn\u011bn\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00ed tak\u00e9 v klimatiza\u010dn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm absorp\u010dn\u00edch chladic\u00edch stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed kolektory poskytuj\u00ed efektivn\u00ed a ekologick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obnoviteln\u00e9 energie, podporu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na energii. Je to d\u016fstojn\u00e1 alternativa k oh\u0159evu vody bojlerem v l\u00e9t\u011b a <a href=\"\/cs\/jelektricheskoe-otoplenie-opredelenie\/\">elektrick\u00e9 vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/a> pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed podlahov\u00e9ho vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 [&#8230;]\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_members_access_role":[],"_members_access_error":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-baza-terminov-po-otopleniyu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10232","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10232"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10232\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10377,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10232\/revisions\/10377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10232"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10232"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firebox.com.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10232"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}